What are the environmental impacts of palm oil production?
The authors identified several key themes and trends in the literature, including environmental sustainability, and highlighted the negative environmental impacts of palm oil production, such as deforestation, biodiversity loss, soil erosion, and greenhouse gas emissions. … …
What is palm oil industry?
Palm oil industry is the industry. Among various wastes from palm oil processing, palm kernel shell is an oil palm bi omass with high potential to be applied as a source of energy, giv en its high caloric value and d istinctive physical properties. This source of renewabl e energy can be utilized by industries with thermal conversion processes.
Can palm kernel shells be used as fuel?
The potency of palm kernel shells as fuel in the palm oil industry has already been discussed. A study by Handaya et al. (2022) reported that palm kernel shells are agricultural waste products with an energy potential of 5.4 MTOE per year. Coconut leaves can also be used as solid fuel via torrefaction. … …
What is oil palm biomass?
Oil palm biomass essentially consists of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N) and some traces of sulfur (S), which are identified by the ultimate analysis methods. … …